Summary

La società dell’antico Egitto aveva la forma di una piramide: in cima il faraone, sotto di lui una piccola élite di funzionari, sacerdoti e scribi, e alla base una grande massa di contadini che sfamava tutti. In mezzo stavano soldati, artigiani e mercanti; in fondo servitori e schiavi, per lo più prigionieri di guerra. Il sistema era rigido ma non chiuso: il figlio di un contadino che imparava a scrivere poteva arrivare a cariche importanti. Questa guida spiega ogni livello, com’era la vita lì e dove si può ancora vedere il loro mondo in Egitto.

La piramide sociale in breve

LivelloChiRuolo
1Il faraoneRe e dio in terra; manteneva l’ordine cosmico (maat)
2Il visirPrimo ministro, giudice e capo del governo
3Nobili, sommi sacerdoti e governatoriGuidavano le province, i templi e il tesoro
4ScribiTenevano i registri, contavano le tasse, scrivevano lettere e leggi
5SoldatiDifendevano i confini e guidavano le campagne
6Artigiani e mercantiCostruivano tombe, producevano merci, commerciavano lungo il Nilo
7ContadiniLa grande maggioranza; coltivavano il grano che nutriva il paese
8Servitori e schiaviLavoravano nelle case, nei templi e nelle miniere

Gli egittologi usano la piramide come immagine semplice. La società reale era più complicata: un artigiano reale poteva essere più ricco di un sacerdote minore, e molte persone avevano più ruoli insieme.

Il faraone: re e dio

In cima stava il faraone, ritenuto l’Horus vivente e figlio del dio sole Ra. Il suo compito più importante era custodire la maat, l’ordine dell’universo: mantenere gli dèi soddisfatti con le offerte, difendere l’Egitto dal caos e dai nemici e fare in modo che la piena del Nilo nutrisse la terra. In teoria possedeva tutto l’Egitto e guidava ogni rito nei templi; in pratica governava attraverso una grande amministrazione. Conoscete i sovrani più famosi nella nostra guida ai faraoni egizi e a Ramses II.

Il visir: il braccio destro del faraone

Il visir (in egizio tjaty) era la persona più potente dopo il re: primo ministro, giudice supremo e responsabile del tesoro, dei granai e dei cantieri reali. Dal Nuovo Regno i visir erano di solito due, uno per l’Alto Egitto a Tebe e uno per il Basso Egitto a Menfi.

  • Imhotep, visir del re Djoser intorno al 2670 a.C., progettò la piramide a gradoni e fu poi venerato come dio della medicina.
  • Rekhmira, visir di Thutmose III, fece dipingere i doveri della sua carica nella sua tomba sulla riva ovest di Luxor: ascoltare le suppliche ogni mattina, controllare le tasse, ispezionare le botteghe e fare rapporto al re.

Un visir poteva perfino diventare re: Ramses I, visir sotto Horemheb, fondò la dinastia di Ramses II.

Nobili, governatori e sacerdoti

Nobili, governatori e sacerdoti

Sotto il visir c’era una piccola élite ricca. L’Egitto era diviso in 42 province, dette nomi, ciascuna guidata da un governatore, o nomarca, che riscuoteva le tasse, manteneva l’ordine e organizzava i lavori locali. Nei periodi di debolezza questi governatori diventavano quasi principi indipendenti.

I sacerdoti servivano nei templi, dove si prendevano cura della statua del dio come se fosse viva: la svegliavano, la lavavano, la vestivano e le davano da mangiare ogni giorno. Quasi tutti erano a tempo parziale, in servizio un mese su quattro e con una vita normale il resto dell’anno. Al vertice, i sommi sacerdoti dei grandi templi come quello di Amon a Karnak controllavano enormi proprietà e potevano rivaleggiare con il re.

L’élite si fece costruire le tombe finemente scolpite che si visitano oggi, come le mastabe di Ti e di Mereruka a Saqqara, piene di scene delle tenute che amministravano.

Gli scribi: il potere della scrittura

Forse solo uno o due egizi su cento sapevano leggere e scrivere, e chi ci riusciva aveva in mano le chiavi dello stato. Gli scribi registravano raccolti e tasse, scrivevano lettere e contratti, tenevano i conti dei templi e copiavano i testi religiosi. I ragazzi, e qualche ragazza, cominciavano da piccoli, copiando testi su cocci e tavolette di legno per anni.

Un antico testo scolastico noto come Satira dei mestieri dice a un ragazzo di studiare sodo perché ogni altro lavoro è una miseria, mentre lo scriba “è padrone di sé”. Non era un consiglio vuoto: la scrittura era la via principale per salire nella società. Le celebri statue dello scriba seduto, con il papiro aperto sulle ginocchia, mostrano quanto i funzionari fossero orgogliosi di farsi ritrarre come scribi.

I soldati

Per gran parte dell’Antico Regno l’Egitto arruolava truppe solo quando servivano. Dal Medio Regno, e soprattutto nell’impero del Nuovo Regno, mantenne un esercito di professione di fanti, arcieri e, dal 1600 a.C. circa, carristi. I soldati potevano ottenere terre, oro e promozioni per il loro valore, e mercenari stranieri come gli arcieri nubiani servivano accanto agli egizi. I grandi rilievi della battaglia di Ramses II a Qadesh, ad Abu Simbel e nel tempio di Luxor, mostrano l’esercito in campagna.

Artigiani e mercanti

Artigiani e mercanti

Scalpellini, scultori, pittori, falegnami, vasai, tessitori, gioiellieri e fabbri producevano di tutto, dalle statue dei templi alle pentole di tutti i giorni. I più conosciuti sono i costruttori delle tombe reali di Deir el-Medina, un villaggio cinto da mura sulla riva ovest di Luxor le cui famiglie scavarono e dipinsero le tombe della Valle dei Re per quasi 500 anni.

Migliaia di appunti, lettere e registri di lavoro trovati lì mostrano la loro vita nei dettagli: turni di dieci giorni, permessi per malattia, liti familiari, processi e, nel 29° anno di Ramses III, il primo sciopero documentato della storia, quando gli operai incrociarono le braccia perché le razioni di grano erano in ritardo. Le loro piccole tombe, splendidamente dipinte, si visitano oggi a Deir el-Medina.

Mercanti e commercianti trasportavano grano, lino, papiro e ceramiche lungo il Nilo. L’Egitto non ebbe monete fino a tardi; le merci si valutavano in pesi di rame o d’argento e si pagavano in natura.

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I contadini: la base della piramide

La maggior parte degli egizi, forse otto o nove su dieci, erano contadini. Il loro anno seguiva il Nilo e aveva tre stagioni:

  • Akhet, la piena (circa da luglio a ottobre), quando i campi erano sott’acqua. Molti contadini venivano allora chiamati ai lavori di stato, come le piramidi.
  • Peret, la stagione della crescita, quando aravano e seminavano grano, orzo, lino e ortaggi nel limo nero appena depositato.
  • Shemu, il raccolto, quando gli scribi misuravano il prodotto e ne prendevano una parte come tassa.

I contadini lavoravano terre del re, dei templi o dei nobili, e pagavano affitto e tasse in grano. La vita era dura, ma non erano schiavi: potevano possedere beni, sposarsi e andare in tribunale. Le pitture delle tombe con l’aratura, la mietitura e la trebbiatura, e i vecchi metodi di irrigazione che si vedono ancora nelle campagne, fanno rivivere il loro mondo. Leggete di più in i contadini nell’antico Egitto.

Servitori e schiavi

In fondo c’erano servitori e schiavi. La schiavitù in Egitto crebbe soprattutto nel Nuovo Regno, quando le campagne all’estero portavano prigionieri di guerra che venivano dati ai templi, ai nobili e ai soldati. Alcune persone si mettevano anche a servizio per pagare i debiti. Gli schiavi a volte potevano possedere beni, sposare persone libere ed essere liberati.

Contrariamente all’immagine popolare, le piramidi non furono costruite dagli schiavi. La città e il cimitero degli operai di Giza mostrano lavoratori egizi pagati, nutriti e curati. Leggete le prove in come sono state costruite le piramidi?

Le donne nella società egizia

Le donne prendevano il livello sociale dalla famiglia e dal marito, ma le donne egizie avevano diritti rari nel mondo antico. Potevano possedere, comprare e vendere beni, fare testamento, firmare contratti, fare causa in tribunale e divorziare. Quasi tutte gestivano la casa e lavoravano accanto alla famiglia; alcune erano sacerdotesse, musiciste, tessitrici o medici. Alcune governarono l’Egitto come faraone, la più famosa Hatshepsut. Regine come Nefertari avevano grande influenza a corte. Leggete le donne nell’antico Egitto.

Si poteva salire di classe?

Sì, più che in molte società antiche. La scala principale era l’istruzione: il figlio di un contadino che diventava scriba poteva entrare nell’amministrazione e, con talento e protezioni, salire in alto. I soldati potevano essere ricompensati con terre e titoli, e nei periodi di cambiamento nuove famiglie arrivavano al potere. Diversi faraoni, tra cui Horemheb e Ramses I, cominciarono come ufficiali dell’esercito. Ma la maggior parte delle persone viveva e moriva nella classe in cui era nata, e i figli di solito seguivano il mestiere del padre.

Dove vedere oggi la vita quotidiana

  • Le tombe dei nobili a Saqqara e sulla riva ovest di Luxor: scene dipinte e scolpite di agricoltura, pesca, artigianato, banchetti e mercati.
  • Deir el-Medina: il villaggio e le tombe degli artigiani reali.
  • Il Museo Egizio del Cairo: i modellini di legno della tomba di Meketra, con granai, botteghe e barche.
  • Il Grand Egyptian Museum: attrezzi, mobili, vestiti e gioielli di ogni epoca.

Esploratelo con un egittologo nella nostra escursione sulla riva ovest di Luxor o con una crociera sul Nilo. Leggete anche i simboli dell’antico Egitto e le mummie egizie.

La piramide sociale egizia: domande frequenti (FAQ)

Che cos’era la piramide sociale dell’antico Egitto?

Un modo di descrivere la società egizia a strati: in cima il faraone, poi il visir, i nobili e i sacerdoti, gli scribi, i soldati, gli artigiani e i mercanti, i contadini e infine servitori e schiavi.

Che cosa faceva il visir nell’antico Egitto?

Il visir era il primo ministro: guidava il governo, giudicava le cause importanti, controllava tasse, granai e cantieri, e faceva rapporto ogni giorno al faraone.

Chi stava alla base della piramide sociale egizia?

Servitori e schiavi, per lo più prigionieri di guerra. Appena sopra c’erano i contadini, che erano la grande maggioranza.

Si poteva cambiare classe sociale nell’antico Egitto?

A volte. Imparare a leggere e scrivere era la via principale, e i soldati potevano essere ricompensati con terre e gradi, ma quasi tutti restavano nella classe in cui erano nati.

Le piramidi furono costruite dagli schiavi?

No. Le prove mostrano lavoratori egizi pagati: artigiani esperti affiancati da squadre di contadini a rotazione.

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Elfa Ágústsdóttir
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Top Class Egypt travel is the perfect name of this company!! I just arrived home 3 days ago from my second trip with Top Class Egypt Travel. Last summer it was 4 weeks and this summer it was 5 weeks and what an experience! I was in contact with Mahmoud and Amr in both of my trips, I know Emad was also very active behind the scenes in the planning, and everything was so easy and professional. I said what I wanted and they gave me so many options to choose from and came with amazing suggestions for me too. My trip wasn’t just about the temples, I wanted to experience the country and it’s people spiritually too so they knew exactly what I wanted and needed to see and explore. From Cairo throughout all Egypt and then back, I got to see and experience the most amazing places I’ve ever imagined and I know I will never be the same again 🙏🏻 To experience being in the desert in El Gouna and watch the sunset and see the stars in the sky and to sail and snorkel in the Red Sea, exploring the wonders of Mother Earth is something I will always treasure in my heart. Well, every experience I had in my journey is something precious to me. Even when I got food poisoning (absolutely my fault, I knew I wasn’t supposed to eat vegetables but forgot about it 🙈) on day two and Amr had to take me to the hospital! This sickness affected my hole trip and I had to change my schedule a lot because of that. Amr, Emad and Mahmoud were all in to make my experience the best and very patiently helped me make different memories than we had planned before and I can’t be happier with the solutions they came up with! 🥰 They had to put in a lot of work to change previous bookings and make new ones for me and it was never any problem for them. My wellness and experience was number one for them 🙏🏻 I was so supported and guided and not for a second felt I alone even though I was travelling alone and sick 🥰 I was so taken care of and felt so secure. My previous trip went all very smoothly and was perfect too (no sickness in that trip though 🤭) Every guide, driver, transportation, hotel, Nile cruise and the office was superb. To Amr, Emad and Mahmoud, I send all my best wishes and thank you’s to you with my highest recommendations for your wonderful company 🙏🏻 It matters so much to travel with a company that has your interests, experiences and wellbeing at heart and you never know what can happen in your journeys. The people behind Top Class Egypt Travel is that company! They are a part of my family now and I can’t wait to schedule my next adventure with them and meet my Egyptian family again soon! ❤️
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Kristján Friðri... S
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Couldn’t been a better tour I went on a two day trip to see the pyramids and all of the attractions around them, a mosque, and two egyptian museums and our tour guide Mohammad, or Super-Moe, was a great guide and made this tour amazing. I highly recommend Top Class Egypt Travel for anyone traveling to Egypt
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sperry2nyc
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What an Amazing Experience We had a most amazing two-week trip to Egypt! We were a family of 9. Amr Saladin of Top Class with the help of Mahmoud Nour tailored an unforgettable experience for us. We had very knowledgeable guides everywhere we went. Thank you to Ahmed Ali who was our guide for two days in Cairo. Mohammed Hasan, our private Egyptologist on the 4 night Nile Cruise was very knowledgeable and patient. Thank you Top Class! You are a Top Act and we highly recommend you!
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sperry2nyc
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Thank you Top Class Amr Saladin of Top Class with the help of Mahmoud Nour designed an amazing two week trip for our family of 9! We had wonderful guides in each place we visited. Ahmed Ali, our Egyptologist in Cairo is very knowledgeable and always cheerful. Special thanks to Mohammed Hasan, who was our Egyptologist down the Nile River cruise. He explained everything clearly and patiently! Thank you to Top Class for everything!
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Sharon McAdams
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Excellent Service Excellent service. We had a fantastic and memorable trip because of Top Class attention to detail. The guides we had were very knowledgeable and attentive.
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Amin J
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Memorable Egypt Experience - Beyond Expectation We booked a 15 Days tour of Egypt through Top Class Egypt Travel. We spent 8 days in Cairo and 7 days Nile Cruise from Luxor to Aswan and back covering all the historical sites. Mr. Amr Saladin accommodated our itinerary and made suggestions to make sure that our trip would be comfortable and memorable. .Thank you. On the site seeing trips, our Egyptologist guides Mr. Mohamed Sultan and Mr. Mohamed Hasan made our trip memorable. They were friendly, courteous, knowledgeable and professional. They made all the sites visits memorable with historical explanations. They took good care of us. Thank you. Overall we were very happy with the trip. Beyond expectation.
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karina r
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Spectacular The tour was absolutely amazing, definitely recommend. It was very educational, so many beautiful pictures for memories. Tour guide was very professional.
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Dawn M
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A Dream trip that came true!! Memories we will cherish foreverver I contacted Mahmoud after watching a trave bloggers video. Mahmoud created an itinerary that INCLUDED every place we wanted to see!!! Including Dendera. .... a site that two other travel companies told us was impossible to include!! Mahmoud arranged the itinerary to best fit my Son's dream, "must see places and best photo spots," all while taking into consideration my 6 year old granddaughter. Top Class Egypt Travels and Mahmoud, were quick to get back to me with any and all questions that I had. They had everything in place and I was assured of the itinerary, accommodations, cruise ship, guides, and transportation before I made a payment. This gave me Peace of mind: that everything was taken care of and if we had any questions we could contact them 24/7. This company really delivers what they promise. They stand by EXCELLENT customer service. The guides: Excellent guides that fit our family. The first guide in Cairo, Mohamed, was friendly, full of knowledge about the pyramids and local culture. It was a rainy day but he arranged our schedule so we avoided the rain!!! He taught us about history, culture,and politics, all in an easy to understand, interesting way. He also took time to take us to the best photo spots AND took great photos of us. We mentioned that our wall charger was missing from our luggage. At the end of the day, he surprised us by stopping back by with a charger! Above and beyond, our first day was amazing! In Luxor, we met up with our guide Hassan Ashor. We spent 6 days with him. He was EXCELLENT. He started out as our guide by the end of 6 days. We considered him as fanily. Hassan talked about history as if it were a story. He even captured our 6 year old attention ! She is still talking about Hassan and mummies! If we mentioned to Hassan that we needed something or wanted to see something, he rearranged our day to fit it in. When Mahmoud told me this was a custom tour, I didn't know we would truly be able to have that much flexibility! Hassan surprised us with a felucca ride and a horse with a carriage ride. Our 6 year old was ecstatic! We stayed out late the last two nights, having dinner and great conversation. The last night, our hearts broke as we said our goodbyes. Cario , before departure, we had Mr. Sultan. He was extremely knowledgeable. We went to the museum. I was worried it would be boring for our 6 year old, but he held her interest and kept us moving. Perfect for seeing the highlights and learning history! Afterwards, we headed to Coptic Cario. Extremely interesting and a great pace that fit my family perfectly. To finish the day, we stopped at the market for shopping, photos, and coffee. We could have talked for hours over coffee. We hated for day to end. Mahamond Sultan was fabulous. I talked to other fanilies that were touring at the same time we were and knew our experience with ALL the guides that Top Class Egypt Travel, provided was exceptional and not the norm of other travel agencies. We definitely had great guides, the perfect flexible itinerary and no waiting in lines at any place. VIP treatment. This is where Top Class Stands out. Excellent guides, customized itineraries and VIP treatment. Perfect for families or couples that wish to escape from large tour groups, to have a personal experience with getting to learn about Egypt. Transportation: Excellent private vans. They were extremely nice and clean. Drivers were experienced safe drivers, spoke English, always on time, kept our belongings safe, had water on hand, and kept the vehicles clean. We were extremely impressed. Domestic flights: The times were picked to take make the most of each day. We had transportation from flights to hotel and hotels to flights. Everything was arranged, and we didn't have to do anything! At no time were we left, not knowing what to do. A representative met us at the airport and took care of ALL paperwork. When one luggage was missing (held up at Heathrow), our representative Mahamond had the driver take us to the mall for clothing and the pharmacy. To top it all off, they tracked our luggage! It arrived safely the next day. Accommodations The hotels were the best of the best. The cruise was on the Mayfair. Absolutely the best cruise ship, excellent food, and exceptional staff. Again, a representative met us, took us to our hotels, and handled AĹL the paperwork. We had the VIP treatment from start to finish. Price: LESS than the other 2 major companies I contacted AND..... Top Class Egypt included MORE, more days, more places, a better ship, and a PRIVATE guide vs. group! I was shocked at the price. Affordable is an understatement. I broke down the price, and no other company could come close to it. Last but not least safety: We have visited many countries. Egypt was one of the places we felt extremely safe. Every Egyptian we met was friendly and kind to us. The culture there is welcoming and warm. If you have any fears, rest assured that Top Class Egypt is there for you 24/7. If we had any questions, they immeasurable responded. Guides and drivers are top notch. There is security everywhere we went and safety was never a concern for us. I can not say enough good things about Top Class Egypt, Mahmoud who planned our itinerary, the guides, the representatives, and the company. What started out as a wish list of places my son hoped to see but didn't think we would be able to,...Mahmoud made it happen!!!! During our trip,at the end of each day, my son would write about what we did... Each day was titled. "The best day of my life." 8 perfect days = perfect Dream vacation! Thank you, Mahmoud, Hassan Ashor, Mahomed, Mr. Sultan and Top Class Egypt Travel, for making this a trip of a lifetime and becoming lifelong friends. We won't be saying goodbye, we will be saying....until we meet again!
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Sayan D
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Most memorable trip ever!!!! The most precious item of childhood bucket list, Beautiful Egypt tour finally accomplished!!! Thanks to Top Class Egypt tours for making this happen and make our trip so memorable. A big thanks to our Egyptologist guides Mr. Mahmoud Sultan and Mr. Mohammed Hasan who made our time travel to ancient Egypt so exquisite!! Mr. Mahmoud Sultan guided us in Cairo and Alexandria. With him, we visited the ever-wonder Great Pyramids, museums, Coptic Cairo, Mohammed Ali Mosque in Cairo. In Alexandria we visited the Great library and the Citadel. Mr. Mahmoud Sultan is extremely knowledgeable, very caring, very thorough and precise in his description and a very nice company to be with. He can adeptly illustrate the great Egyptian civilization components to any amateur history-enthusiast. Mr. Mohammed Hasan took us in the Nile Cruise starting from Aswan to Luxor including Abu Simbel. Mr. Hasan walked us through the Philae temple, Abu Simbel, Kom Ombo, Edfu, Karnak Temple, Luxor temple and Valley of the Kings, Queens and Artisans in Luxor. Mr. Hasan is extremely eloquent and has an unique ability of storytelling which made us living the moments and experiencing a smooth surpass through the times of Great Pharaohs as well as Greco-Roman era of the ancient Egypt. Mr. Hasan often adds a tinge of humor in his description which makes the whole experience enjoyable. He describes every monuments with multiple perspectives of why, when, where, who and how in a very detailed logical fashion which always maintains the interest. From the arrangement point of view, Top Class Egypt Travel has taken great care of us in the whole trip. Excellent coordination, on time transport from all point A to point B, airport pick-up, hotel transfer, everything was impeccable. There was no waiting for a single thing, a wholesome experience was beautifully planned, gave back a very high value of trusting them. Many thanks to Mr. Amr Salah, the Chief, being all the time accessible through Whatsapp, supporting and accommodating us throughout and supervising to ensure everything goes right. I would highly recommend Top Class Egypt Travel to make the mission for Egypt memorable for the lifetime. Countless regards and compliments to the Egyptologists Mr. Mohammed Hasan and Mr. Mahmoud Sultan!!!
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Paul Ransley
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Excellent Seven Day Private Tour Overview We were referred to Top Class Egypt Travel by an Australian friend domiciled in the Middle East who visits Egypt regularly. Her recommendation was gold. Top Class is an extremely professional outfit. It made our visit easy, enjoyable, safe and highly rewarding. I have no hesitation recommending this company and its owners. Itinerary The company will create an itinerary designed specifically for your needs. We are an older couple and contacted the company from Australia by email with our wishlist. We had 7 days available and, from our research, a list of historic sites we wanted to visit in Cairo, Luxor, Aswan and Abu Simbel. We requested that Top Class provide us with domestic air fares, accommodation (except for Cairo where we would make our own arrangements) and a private vehicle with a driver and guide in each location. Our agent came back to us within a couple of days with an itinerary that absolutely met our needs and some additional options. Price Pricing was extremely competitive. We had previously consulted a foreign provider who required a $US400 deposit to create the itinerary and a total price which was three times that offered by Top Class. Service When we we landed in Cairo we were met in the arrivals area by the company's Cairo representative. He had already arranged out entry visas ($25 per person). He fast-tracked us through passport control and immigration and we were ready to collect our baggage within minutes of landing. No queues. Yes! That kind of service was standard for Top Class throughout our trip. We skipped the queue at just about every location we visited and at the end of each day we were advised that if we needed assistance someone would be available to help 24/7. On one ocassion we needed a vehicle and driver to meet a flight. This was provided at short notice without extra cost. Accommodation The hotels which Top Class booked for us in Luxor and Aswan were both 5-star (Steigenberger and Movinpick) and way above the standard of the so-called 5-star hotel we booked for ourselves in Cairo. We favoured the Cairo hotel because of a long standing club membership with the management chain. Unfortunately, we were charged exhorbitant prices for tired and run down rooms with no benefit gained from our previous association. I am confident that if I had left the arrangement of accommodation in Cairo to Top Class we would have paid less for much much better. Drivers and Guides We could not ask for anyone better to show us around. Our drivers were experienced and safe. Their vehicles were well maintained, comfortable and air-conditioned. Our guides were tertiary educated, excellent english speakers, pleasant, helpful and kind. We were fortunate to have the same driver and guide for our visits to Luxor, Aswan and Abu Simbel which contained the bulk of the monuments and temples we wanted to see. Our guide, Mohammed Hasan, has been guiding tourists of all nationalities for 20 years. He is an encyclopedia of ancient Egyption history, politics, religion and art. Thanks to Mohammed we received a deeper understanding of the meaning and significance of what we saw than we would have had we travelled alone. We were particularly pleased that on many ocassions he was able to ensure we visited some of the more popular monuments at times of least or minimal crowding. In Cairo, our guide Abdelselam Donia, was equally accomplished helping us to navigate the chaos of Cairo with relative ease and providing us with insight and understanding of the city and its culture. Safety We arrived in Egypt a fortnight after hostilities had erupted in Gaza, so like everybody else we had safety concerns. The truth is we never at anytime felt unsafe. Our guides and drivers ushered us quickly and easily through police and military road blocks and through the tight security at monuments allowing us to avoid any discomfort or issue. Last word Top Class Egypt Travel is one of the better travel agencies we have dealt with. We found them easy to communicate with, always willing to assist and always available when we needed them.